{"id":34383,"date":"2021-04-29T08:17:00","date_gmt":"2021-04-29T06:17:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.kyotoclub.org\/?p=34383"},"modified":"2021-05-03T08:38:57","modified_gmt":"2021-05-03T06:38:57","slug":"hydrogen-for-heating-decarbonization-options-for-households-in-germany-in-2050","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kyotoclub.org\/en\/news-en\/news-from-the-world\/2021\/04\/29\/hydrogen-for-heating-decarbonization-options-for-households-in-germany-in-2050\/","title":{"rendered":"Hydrogen for heating? Decarbonization options for households in Germany in 2050"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theicct.org\/publication-type\/working-papers\">Working paper<\/a> Published: 2021.04.28\u00a0\u25cfBy\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"mailto:c.baldino@theicct.org\">Chelsea Baldino<\/a>, Jane O\u2019Malley, Stephanie Searle, and Adam Christensen (Three Seas Consulting)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By 2030, the German government aims to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the buildings sector by two-thirds relative to 1990 levels. The heating sector will be an important part of this goal; in German residences, about 60% of final energy demand goes to space heating, and two-thirds of space heating is met with fossil fuels. There are multiple GHG-reduction options available to the heating sector, and the German government will need to determine which options to promote, especially in light of the fact that 17% of German households spend a high share of their income on energy costs. In this study, we assess several low-GHG or GHG-neutral residential heating pathways in Germany to determine which will be the most cost competitive in 2050: (1) hydrogen boilers, (2) hydrogen fuel cells with an auxiliary hydrogen boiler for cold spells, (3) air-source heat pumps using renewable electricity, and (4) heat pumps with an auxiliary hydrogen boiler for cold spells. In our assessment, we include zero-carbon hydrogen produced from renewable electricity using electrolysis as well as low-GHG hydrogen from steam-methane reforming (SMR) using natural gas combined with carbon capture and storage (CCS), or SMR + CCS.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This analysis finds that air-source heat pumps are the most cost-effective residential heating technology in 2050 and are at least 40% lower cost than the hydrogen-only technologies. Even if natural gas costs were 50% lower or renewable electricity prices were 50% higher in 2050 compared to the central assumptions, heat pumps would still be more cost-effective than hydrogen boilers or fuel cells. Were electrolysis hydrogen to be imported from other parts of Europe it could be cost competitive with SMR + CCS hydrogen produced in Germany in 2050, although electrolysis hydrogen is not produced at scale today. Compared to all of the low-GHG heating pathways we assess in this study, energy efficiency measures to reduce heat demand would be a more cost-effective strategy for achieving GHG reductions. All pathways using renewable electricity have a near-zero GHG intensity, while SMR + CCS hydrogen could reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 69%\u201393% compared to natural gas if improvements are made in the future to reduce the GHG intensity of this pathway.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"516\" height=\"536\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kyotoclub.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Schermata-2021-05-03-alle-08.36.23.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-34387\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kyotoclub.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Schermata-2021-05-03-alle-08.36.23.png 516w, https:\/\/www.kyotoclub.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Schermata-2021-05-03-alle-08.36.23-289x300.png 289w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 516px) 100vw, 516px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"558\" height=\"427\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kyotoclub.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Schermata-2021-05-03-alle-08.36.33.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-34389\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kyotoclub.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Schermata-2021-05-03-alle-08.36.33.png 558w, https:\/\/www.kyotoclub.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Schermata-2021-05-03-alle-08.36.33-300x230.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 558px) 100vw, 558px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theicct.org\/sites\/default\/files\/publications\/Hydrogen-heating-germany-EN-apr2021.pdf\">Download paper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theicct.org\/publications\/hydrogen-heating-germany-april2021\">More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The ICCT has released a study on cost comparison of<br \/>\ntechnology options for decarbonazing heating in Germany by 2050.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"kc_post_selected_socio_id":0,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[26],"tags":[87],"class_list":["post-34383","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news-from-the-world","tag-news-progetto-decarb-eerei"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Hydrogen for heating? 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